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            (<a href="variables.txt">source</a>,
            <a href="variables/$&lt;digits&gt;-($1,-$2,-...).html">CPAN</a>)
          </div>
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        <div class="leading-notice">
          You are viewing the version of this documentation from Perl 5.35.0.
            This is a development version of Perl.
        </div>
        <h1><a id="toc">CONTENTS</a></h1>
                  <ul>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="variables.html#General-Variables">General Variables</a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="variables.html#Variables-related-to-regular-expressions">Variables related to regular expressions</a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="variables.html#Variables-related-to-filehandles">Variables related to filehandles</a>
                            <ul>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="variables.html#Variables-related-to-formats">Variables related to formats</a>
              </li>
          </ul>

              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="variables.html#Error-Variables">Error Variables  </a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="variables.html#Variables-related-to-the-interpreter-state">Variables related to the interpreter state</a>
              </li>
              <li>
                <a class="text-decoration-none" href="variables.html#Deprecated-and-removed-variables">Deprecated and removed variables</a>
              </li>
          </ul>

      <p><i>Full documentation of predefined variables: <a href="perlvar.html">perlvar</a></i></p>

<h2 id="General-Variables"><a class="permalink" href="variables.html#General-Variables">#</a><a id="General"></a>General Variables</h2>

<ul>

<li><p><a href="variables/$_.html"><b>$_</b></a> - The default input and pattern-searching space</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/@_.html"><b>@_</b></a> - Within a subroutine the array <code>@_</code> contains the parameters passed to that subroutine</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$&quot;.html"><b>$&quot;</b></a> - When an array or an array slice is interpolated into a double-quoted string or a similar context such as <code>/.../</code>, its elements are separated by this value</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$$.html"><b>$$</b></a> - The process number of the Perl running this script</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$0.html"><b>$0</b></a> - Contains the name of the program being executed</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$(.html"><b>$(</b></a> - The real gid of this process</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$).html"><b>$)</b></a> - The effective gid of this process</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$&lt;.html"><b>$&lt;</b></a> - The real uid of this process</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$&gt;.html"><b>$&gt;</b></a> - The effective uid of this process</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$%3B.html"><b>$;</b></a> - The subscript separator for multidimensional array emulation</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$a.html"><b>$a</b></a>, <a href="variables/$b.html"><b>$b</b></a> - Special package variables when using <code>sort()</code>, see <a href="perlfunc.html#sort">&quot;sort&quot; in perlfunc</a></p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/%25ENV.html"><b>%ENV</b></a> - The hash <code>%ENV</code> contains your current environment</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$].html"><b>$]</b></a> - The revision, version, and subversion of the Perl interpreter, represented as a decimal of the form 5.XXXYYY, where XXX is the version / 1e3 and YYY is the subversion / 1e6</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^F.html"><b>$^F</b></a> - The maximum system file descriptor, ordinarily 2. System file descriptors are passed to <code>exec()</code>ed processes, while higher file descriptors are not</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/@F.html"><b>@F</b></a> - The array <code>@F</code> contains the fields of each line read in when autosplit mode is turned on</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/@INC.html"><b>@INC</b></a> - The array <code>@INC</code> contains the list of places that the <code>do EXPR</code>, <code>require</code>, or <code>use</code> constructs look for their library files</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/%25INC.html"><b>%INC</b></a> - The hash <code>%INC</code> contains entries for each filename included via the <code>do</code>, <code>require</code>, or <code>use</code> operators</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^I.html"><b>$^I</b></a> - The current value of the inplace-edit extension</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/@ISA.html"><b>@ISA</b></a> - Each package contains a special array called <code>@ISA</code> which contains a list of that class&#39;s parent classes, if any</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^M.html"><b>$^M</b></a> - Perl can use the contents of <code>$^M</code> as an emergency memory pool after <code>die()</code>ing</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^O.html"><b>$^O</b></a> - The name of the operating system under which this copy of Perl was built, as determined during the configuration process</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/%25SIG.html"><b>%SIG</b></a> - The hash <code>%SIG</code> contains signal handlers for signals</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^T.html"><b>$^T</b></a> - The time at which the program began running, in seconds since the epoch (beginning of 1970)</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^V.html"><b>$^V</b></a> - The revision, version, and subversion of the Perl interpreter, represented as a <a href="version.html">version</a> object</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT}.html"><b>${^WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT}</b></a> - This variable no longer has any function</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^X.html"><b>$^X</b></a> - The name used to execute the current copy of Perl, from C&#39;s <code>argv[0]</code> or (where supported) <i>/proc/self/exe</i></p>

</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="Variables-related-to-regular-expressions"><a class="permalink" href="variables.html#Variables-related-to-regular-expressions">#</a><a id="Variables"></a>Variables related to regular expressions</h2>

<ul>

<li><p><a href="variables/$&lt;digits&gt;&#32;($1,&#32;$2,&#32;...).html"><b>$&lt;<i>digits</i>&gt; ($1, $2, ...)</b></a> - Contains the subpattern from the corresponding set of capturing parentheses from the last successful pattern match, not counting patterns matched in nested blocks that have been exited already</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/@{^CAPTURE}.html"><b>@{^CAPTURE}</b></a> - An array which exposes the contents of the capture buffers, if any, of the last successful pattern match, not counting patterns matched in nested blocks that have been exited already</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$&amp;.html"><b>$&amp;</b></a> - The string matched by the last successful pattern match (not counting any matches hidden within a BLOCK or <code>eval()</code> enclosed by the current BLOCK)</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^MATCH}.html"><b>${^MATCH}</b></a> - This is similar to <code>$&amp;</code> (<code>$MATCH</code>) except that it does not incur the performance penalty associated with that variable</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$`.html"><b>$`</b></a> - The string preceding whatever was matched by the last successful pattern match, not counting any matches hidden within a BLOCK or <code>eval</code> enclosed by the current BLOCK</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^PREMATCH}.html"><b>${^PREMATCH}</b></a> - This is similar to <code>$`</code> ($PREMATCH) except that it does not incur the performance penalty associated with that variable</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$'.html"><b>$&#39;</b></a> - The string following whatever was matched by the last successful pattern match (not counting any matches hidden within a BLOCK or <code>eval()</code> enclosed by the current BLOCK)</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^POSTMATCH}.html"><b>${^POSTMATCH}</b></a> - This is similar to <code>$&#39;</code> (<code>$POSTMATCH</code>) except that it does not incur the performance penalty associated with that variable</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$+.html"><b>$+</b></a> - The text matched by the highest used capture group of the last successful search pattern</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^N.html"><b>$^N</b></a> - The text matched by the used group most-recently closed (i.e. the group with the rightmost closing parenthesis) of the last successful search pattern</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/@+.html"><b>@+</b></a> - This array holds the offsets of the ends of the last successful submatches in the currently active dynamic scope</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/%25+.html"><b>%+</b></a> - Similar to <code>@+</code>, the <code>%+</code> hash allows access to the named capture buffers, should they exist, in the last successful match in the currently active dynamic scope</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/@-.html"><b>@-</b></a> - <code>$-[0]</code> is the offset of the start of the last successful match</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/%25-.html"><b>%-</b></a> - Similar to <code>%+</code>, this variable allows access to the named capture groups in the last successful match in the currently active dynamic scope</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^R.html"><b>$^R</b></a> - The result of evaluation of the last successful <code>(?{ code })</code> regular expression assertion (see <a href="perlre.html">perlre</a>)</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^RE_COMPILE_RECURSION_LIMIT}.html"><b>${^RE_COMPILE_RECURSION_LIMIT}</b></a> - The current value giving the maximum number of open but unclosed parenthetical groups there may be at any point during a regular expression compilation</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}.html"><b>${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}</b></a> - The current value of the regex debugging flags</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}.html"><b>${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}</b></a> - Controls how certain regex optimisations are applied and how much memory they utilize</p>

</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="Variables-related-to-filehandles"><a class="permalink" href="variables.html#Variables-related-to-filehandles">#</a><a id="Variables1"></a>Variables related to filehandles</h2>

<ul>

<li><p><a href="variables/$ARGV.html"><b>$ARGV</b></a> - Contains the name of the current file when reading from <code>&lt;&gt;</code></p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/@ARGV.html"><b>@ARGV</b></a> - The array <code>@ARGV</code> contains the command-line arguments intended for the script</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/ARGV.html"><b>ARGV</b></a> - The special filehandle that iterates over command-line filenames in <code>@ARGV</code></p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/ARGVOUT.html"><b>ARGVOUT</b></a> - The special filehandle that points to the currently open output file when doing edit-in-place processing with <b>-i</b></p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$,.html"><b>$,</b></a> - The output field separator for the print operator</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$..html"><b>$.</b></a> - Current line number for the last filehandle accessed</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$%252F.html"><b>$/</b></a> - The input record separator, newline by default</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$\.html"><b>$\</b></a> - The output record separator for the print operator</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$|.html"><b>$|</b></a> - If set to nonzero, forces a flush right away and after every write or print on the currently selected output channel</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^LAST_FH}.html"><b>${^LAST_FH}</b></a> - This read-only variable contains a reference to the last-read filehandle</p>

</li>
</ul>

<h3 id="Variables-related-to-formats"><a class="permalink" href="variables.html#Variables-related-to-formats">#</a><a id="Variables2"></a>Variables related to formats</h3>

<ul>

<li><p><a href="variables/$^A.html"><b>$^A</b></a> - The current value of the <code>write()</code> accumulator for <code>format()</code> lines</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^L.html"><b>$^L</b></a> - What formats output as a form feed</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$%25.html"><b>$%</b></a> - The current page number of the currently selected output channel</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$-.html"><b>$-</b></a> - The number of lines left on the page of the currently selected output channel</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$:.html"><b>$:</b></a> - The current set of characters after which a string may be broken to fill continuation fields (starting with <code>^</code>) in a format</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$=.html"><b>$=</b></a> - The current page length (printable lines) of the currently selected output channel</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^.html"><b>$^</b></a> - The name of the current top-of-page format for the currently selected output channel</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$~.html"><b>$~</b></a> - The name of the current report format for the currently selected output channel</p>

</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="Error-Variables"><a class="permalink" href="variables.html#Error-Variables">#</a><a id="Error"></a>Error Variables  </h2>

<ul>

<li><p><a href="variables/${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}.html"><b>${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}</b></a> - The native status returned by the last pipe close, backtick (<code>``</code>) command, successful call to <code>wait()</code> or <code>waitpid()</code>, or from the <code>system()</code> operator</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^E.html"><b>$^E</b></a> - Error information specific to the current operating system</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^S.html"><b>$^S</b></a> - Current state of the interpreter</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^W.html"><b>$^W</b></a> - The current value of the warning switch, initially true if <b>-w</b> was used, false otherwise, but directly modifiable</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^WARNING_BITS}.html"><b>${^WARNING_BITS}</b></a> - The current set of warning checks enabled by the <code>use warnings</code> pragma</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$!.html"><b>$!</b></a> - When referenced, <code>$!</code> retrieves the current value of the C <code>errno</code> integer variable</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/%25!.html"><b>%!</b></a> - Each element of <code>%!</code> has a true value only if <code>$!</code> is set to that value</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$%3F.html"><b>$?</b></a> - The status returned by the last pipe close, backtick (<code>``</code>) command, successful call to <code>wait()</code> or <code>waitpid()</code>, or from the <code>system()</code> operator</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$@.html"><b>$@</b></a> - The Perl error from the last <code>eval</code> operator, i.e. the last exception that was caught</p>

</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="Variables-related-to-the-interpreter-state"><a class="permalink" href="variables.html#Variables-related-to-the-interpreter-state">#</a><a id="Variables3"></a>Variables related to the interpreter state</h2>

<ul>

<li><p><a href="variables/$^C.html"><b>$^C</b></a> - The current value of the flag associated with the <b>-c</b> switch</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^D.html"><b>$^D</b></a> - The current value of the debugging flags</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^ENCODING}.html"><b>${^ENCODING}</b></a> - It used to hold the <i>object reference</i> to the <code>Encode</code> object that was used to convert the source code to Unicode</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^GLOBAL_PHASE}.html"><b>${^GLOBAL_PHASE}</b></a> - The current phase of the perl interpreter</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^H.html"><b>$^H</b></a> - This variable contains compile-time hints for the Perl interpreter</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/%25^H.html"><b>%^H</b></a> - The <code>%^H</code> hash provides the same scoping semantic as <code>$^H</code></p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^OPEN}.html"><b>${^OPEN}</b></a> - An internal variable used by <a href="PerlIO.html">PerlIO</a></p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$^P.html"><b>$^P</b></a> - The internal variable for debugging support</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^TAINT}.html"><b>${^TAINT}</b></a> - Reflects if taint mode is on or off</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^SAFE_LOCALES}.html"><b>${^SAFE_LOCALES}</b></a> - Reflects if safe locale operations are available to this perl (when the value is 1) or not (the value is 0)</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^UNICODE}.html"><b>${^UNICODE}</b></a> - Reflects certain Unicode settings of Perl</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^UTF8CACHE}.html"><b>${^UTF8CACHE}</b></a> - This variable controls the state of the internal UTF-8 offset caching code</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/${^UTF8LOCALE}.html"><b>${^UTF8LOCALE}</b></a> - This variable indicates whether a UTF-8 locale was detected by perl at startup</p>

</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="Deprecated-and-removed-variables"><a class="permalink" href="variables.html#Deprecated-and-removed-variables">#</a><a id="Deprecated"></a>Deprecated and removed variables</h2>

<ul>

<li><p><a href="variables/$%23.html"><b>$#</b></a> - <code>$#</code> was a variable that could be used to format printed numbers</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$*.html"><b>$*</b></a> - <code>$*</code> was a variable that you could use to enable multiline matching</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="variables/$[.html"><b>$[</b></a> - This variable stores the index of the first element in an array, and of the first character in a substring</p>

</li>
</ul>


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